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Course Outline
Industry and NEC Definitions
- Defining the terms related to grounding and bonding
- Differentiating between “grounding” and “bonding”
- Differentiating between a short-circuit and a ground-fault
- What is a grounded conductor?
- What is a system grounded conductor vs a grounding electrode conductor?
- When is a neutral conductor a grounded conductor?
- What is an equipment grounding conductor?
Low-Impedance Fault Return Path
- Definition of effective ground-fault current path
- Requirements for effective ground-fault current path
- Purpose and function of effective ground-fault current path
- Earth return prohibited installations
- Installing parallel sets of conductors
System Grounding Requirements
- Reducing objectionable current flow over grounding conductors
- Systems that are required to be grounded and those that are permitted to be grounded
- Choosing a solidly grounded, impedance grounded, or ungrounded system
- High-and low-resistance grounding applications
- Grounding the neutral of a wye-connected system
- Grounding the mid-point of a delta system winding (high-leg system)
- Corner-grounded delta systems
- Purpose of the grounding electrode system on an ungrounded system
Purpose of the Grounded Conductor on a Grounded System
- Providing a low-impedance path for fault-clearing capability
- The function of the main bonding jumper and a system bonding jumper
- Sizing the neutral for services with a single and parallel set of supply conductors
- Maintaining neutral isolation on the load side of either a service or a source of separately derived system
The Grounding Electrode System
- What grounding electrodes are required to be used if present?
- Types of grounding electrodes, including the Ufer ground
- How to determine if grounding electrodes qualify for use
- Bonding requirements for the grounding electrode system
- Using busbars for connecting grounding electrode system components
- Optional grounding electrode system connections
- Understanding the purpose of the grounding electrode
- Bonding requirements for all grounding electrodes, including those installed for lightning protection systems, communication systems, and data processing systems
Separately Derived Systems
- What is a separately derived system (SDS)?
- How is a SDS grounded?
- Sizing neutral, bonding, and grounding electrode conductors for SDSs
- When is an on-site generator a separately derived system?
- How are automatic transfer switches appropriately applied?
- Requirements if the source is outdoors
Grounding and Bonding at Separate Buildings
- When a grounding electrode is not required
- Choosing grounding and bonding scheme at separate buildings
- When the neutral is permitted to be grounded at separate buildings
- Sizing grounding electrode conductors at separate buildings
- Buildings or structures supplied by a separately derived system
Equipment Grounding Conductors
- When equipment is required to be grounded
- Metal raceways as equipment grounding conductors
- How to calculate the maximum length of metal conduits when used as equipment grounding conductors
- Supplementing metal raceways with equipment grounding conductors
- Sizing equipment grounding conductors for motor circuits and for parallel conduit runs
- Sizing equipment grounding conductors for available short-circuit current
- Color code requirements
- Branch circuit extensions and GFCI protection of replacement receptacles
Ground Fault Protection
- Types of ground fault protection
- Capacitive charging current effects
- Coordinating GFP settings with downstream protection
Grounding and Bonding Conductor Connections
- Types of connections: welded, brazed, and pressure type
- Selecting connectors for the application
Bonding Requirements
- Bonding requirements for service equipment
- Intersystem bonding requirements
- Bonding of metal piping systems
- Bonding of metal frames of buildings
- Bonding requirements for areas supplied by separately derived systems
- Bonding requirements for receptacles and boxes
Use of the Neutral for Bonding
- When it is permitted to use the neutral for bonding and when it is not
- Use of the neutral for line-side bonding
- Use of the neutral for equipment grounding
Isolated Equipment Grounding
- Isolated grounding of equipment
- Isolated grounding of receptacles
Special Occupancy Grounding and Bonding
- Grounding and bonding for hazardous locations
- Requirements for patient care areas of health care facilities
- Grounding and bonding for agricultural buildings
- Requirements for mobile and manufactured homes