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Course Outline
Day 1
Substation Types and Purposes
- Fundamentals of power system operation
- Objectives of substation design
Overview of the Substation Design and Construction Process
- Establishing the need for substation facilities
- The project scope document: what it is and what it should contain
- Site selection and environmental issues
- Engineering design: equipment specifications and drawings
- Construction
- Testing, start-up, and commissioning
Initial Steps in the Design Process: Setting the Bounds for the Overall Project
- Reviewing and understanding the project scope document
- Information to gather before the first site visit
- What to look for on the initial site visit
- Determining site adequacy for initial and future requirements
- Environmental, zoning, and public perception issues
- Construction and construction outage requirements: access for construction and O&M equipment
- Ordering material/delivery date issues
Site Selection and Design
- General requirements
- Environmental and permitting issues
- Site preparation
- Drainage and erosion protection
- Surface materials
- Roads and access
Permitting and Environmental Issues
- Acquiring necessary permits
- Zoning and ordinance restrictions
- Longterm site impacts
- Impacts during construction: runoff/stream pollution
Foundation Design
- The site visit and what to look for
- Understanding soil test reports
Bus Designs for Reliability
- Bus configurations and 1-line diagrams
- Forced and planned outage performance
- Cost-reliability comparisons
Day 2
Substation Layout: Converting 1-line Diagrams to Physical Layouts
- Substation components and required code clearances
- BIL, insulation coordination, and surge arresters
- Future expansion
- Access for O&M
- Design exercise
Grounding and Ground Grid Design
- Purpose of grounding
- Field-testing ground grid resistance and soil resistivity
- Materials and installation
Major Substation Equipment
- High-voltage and medium-voltage disconnect switches
- Design exercise
Day 3
Secondary Substation Equipment
- Surge arresters
Major Substation Equipment
- Circuit breakers
- Circuit switchers
Auxiliary Equipment and Systems
- AC/DC station power and control system supplies
- Design exercise
Protective Relaying and Control
- System protection objectives and philosophies
- Protective relaying schemes for major substation equipment
- Typical relay types and applications
Expansion and Upgrade of Existing Substations
- Feasibility and limitations