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Course Outline
Review of HVAC Fundamentals
- Welcome and introduction
- The need for environmental controls
- Abbreviations, units, and references
- Survey of ASHRAE standards
- Standard 55 – Thermal Environmental Conditions
- Standard 62.1 – Ventilation and Acceptable IAQ
- Standard 90.1 – Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings
- Additional references: 15, 34, 90.4, 169, 170, and 189.1
- Using a psychrometric chart
- Properties of moist air
- Sensible and latent heat
- Mixing of two air streams
- Air handing units and distribution
- Vapor compression refrigeration
- Chilled water system components
Heat Transfer in Buildings
- Modes of heat transfer
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation
- Time delay effects
- Weather data
- Selecting design conditions
- Dewpoint considerations
- Load vs. energy calculations
Heating and Cooling Loads
- Exterior envelope
- Wall and roof R-values
- Window U-factors
- Basement heat loss
- Internal load components
- People
- Lighting
- Equipment
- Infiltration and ventilation
- Residential vs. commercial
- Cooling load calculation methods
- CLTD / SCL / CLF method
- Example 11 on page 28.54
- Hourly simulations
- Using simulation software
- Trane Trace 700 and 3D Plus
Air Systems
- Ventilation and filtration
- Air distribution systems
- Constant volume
- Variable Air Volume (VAV)
- Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS)
- Dilution air vs. displacement
- Terminal air equipment
- Fan coil units
- VAV boxes
- Grilles, registers and diffusers
- Exhaust air systems
Ductwork and Fans
- Material specifications
- Construction
- Insulation
- Duct specialties
- Ductwork sizing
- Layout and distribution
- Static pressure calculations
- Fan wheel types
- Fan laws and system curve
HVAC Equipment Selection
- Motors
- Types and options
- Selection
- Motor controls
- Disconnect switches
- Starters
- Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)
- Packaged equipment
- Packaged rooftop units
- Split D/X systems
- Heating and cooling coils
- Coil performance
- Types and sizing
- Coil selection
- Other terminal devices
- Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF)
- Radiant heating
- Chilled beams
Refrigerant Safety
- ASHRAE Standard 34
- Safety group classes
- Flammability classes
- ASHRAE Standard 15
- Updates in the 2024 edition
- System classifications
- Effective dispersal volume
- Class A2L refrigerants
- Examples
- VRF system with A1 refrigerant
- VRF system with A2L refrigerant
Hydronics and Plant Equipment
- Piping material, valves and fittings
- Pipe sizing and distribution
- Pressure calculations
- Reverse return piping
- Pump selection and performance
- Pump curves
- Parallel operation
- Hydronic specialty sizing
- Expansion tanks
- Pressure relief valves
- Primary plant cooling equipment
- Chillers
- Cooling towers
- Condensers
- Steam and hot water heating
Control Sequences
- Types of control
- Manual and automatic
- Pneumatic and DDC
- On / Off and modulating
- Building Automation System (BAS)
- Energy conservation measures
- Schedule and setback
- Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)
- Temperature and pressure reset
- ASHRAE Guideline 36
- Retro-commissioning
Healthcare
- Healthcare codes and standards
- 2023 HVAC Applications – Chapter 9
- FGI – Facility Guidelines Institute
- ASHRAE 170 – Ventilation of Health Care Facilities
- NFPA 99 – Health Care Facilities Code
- Examples of requirements
- Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA)
- Water treatment and circulation
- Indoor Air Quality and air filtration (IAQ)
- Air pressurization requirements
- Humidity requirements
- Steam humidification
- Adiabatic humidification
- Emergency power / standby
- Authorities Having Jurisdiction
- Governing agencies
- Facility types
- Hospitals
- Outpatient facilities
- Nursing homes and residencies
- Healthcare-specific design considerations by space type
Data Centers
- Data center facility and equipment topology
- Data center types
- ITE form factors
- Data center power and cooling trends
- Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- ASHRAE thermal guidelines
- Air cooling (recommended and allowable)
- Liquid cooling (W and S classes)
- Contamination (particulate and gaseous)
- Airflow distribution
- Air cooling systems
- CRAC and CRAH unit
- Close coupled cooling
- Liquid cooled IT equipment
- Air- and water-side economizers
Defining Uptime Expectations
- Standards and guidelines
- Best practices
- Mechanical system topologies
- Electrical system topologies
- Performance analysis and optimization
- Risk and availability assessment
Energy Code Compliance
- Overview of compliance paths
- IECC prescriptive
- IECC performance
- ASHRAE 90.1
- Portions of the prescriptive energy code
- Building envelope requirements
- Simplified HVAC compliance
- Prescriptive compliance
- Fan power
- Duct leakage
- Lighting
- Information required for COMcheck
- Building performance simulation paths
- Performance Cost Index (PCI)
- Building Performance Factor (BPF)
- Prescriptive compliance package
- Building performance simulation software
- eQUEST
- EnergyPlus
- AI workflows for HVAC design and compliance
Building Information Modeling
- Floor plans and sections
- Equipment schedules
- System layout and sizing
- Revit load calculations
- Design coordination