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Course Outline
Day 1
Review of Phasors
- Phasor defined
- Phasor representation of voltage, current, and power
- Combining phasors
- Phasor and circuit diagrams for balanced three-phase systems
- Phasors and phase rotation
- Balanced system calculations
- single-phase equivalent
- Time synchronized phasors
Review of Three-Phase Power Systems
- Single-phase systems
- Three-phase systems
- Phase angle and time relationships
- Wye and delta connected loads
- Real and reactive power
- Workshop – three-phase power calculations
Per-Unit System
- Definitions
- Advantages of per-unit system
- General circuit quantity relationships: three-phase power, line-to-neutral, and line-to-line voltage and current relationships
- Base quantities
- Per-unit relationships, per-unit impedances of equipment
- Changing per-unit quantities to different bases
- Workshop: Per-unit calculations
Day 2
Transformer Polarity and Phase Shift
- Polarity markings
- Subtractive and additive polarity
- Autotransformer connections
- Three phase transformer connections
- Delta-wye transformer phase shift
- Measurement transformers
Symmetrical Components
- Unbalanced systems of phasors
- Method of symmetrical components
- Derivation of sequence impedances
- Sequence networks
- Synthesis of sequence networks: positive, negative, zero
- Workshop: sequence networks
Modeling Power System Equipment for Fault Calculations
- Transmission and distribution lines
- Power transformers: transformer-winding configurations, autotransformers, positive, negative and zero sequence models
- Motors and adjustable speed drives
- Synchronous generators
- Inverter based generation and energy storage systems
Day 3
Sequence Networks
Fault Calculations
- Modeling fault impedance
- Sequence Networks for different types of three-phase short-circuit faults: three-phase, line-to-ground, double line-to-ground, line-to-line
- Short-circuit fault calculations: at fault location and other points on the network
- Workshop: Short-circuit fault calculations
Open-Circuit Faults
- Types of three-phase open-circuit faults: intentional vs. unintentional, one line open, two lines open
- Open-circuit fault calculations
- Workshop: Open-circuit fault calculations